Meng-Ju Kuo, Boning Zhang, Haozhe Wang. Tokenized Flow-Statistics Encrypted Traffic Analysis: Comparative Evaluation of 1D-CNN, BiLSTM, and Transformer on ISCX VPN-nonVPN 2016 (A1+A2, 60 s). JACS. 2023;3(8):39-53. Accessed September 5, 2026. https://ciajournal.com/index.php/JACS/article/view/290